The findings of several basic animal studies and clinical investigations identified the advantageous effects of exercise as non pharmaceutical intervention on dementia and Alzheimer's disease AD . The main positive effects suggested for exercise are less cognitive and behavioral impairment or decline, development of health associated conditions stress, sleep , reduction of dementia risk factors including chronic non communicable disease diabetes, cardiovascular disease , increase in neurotrophins, enhancement of brain blood flow, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity in the brain memory related region e.g., hippocampus , and reduction of neuroinflammation and apoptosis. ...