Related Articles Coronavirus vaccine development from SARS and MERS to COVID 19 J Biomed Sci 2020 Dec 20 27 1 104 Authors Li YD Chi WY Su JH Ferrall L Hung CF Wu TC Abstract Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 SARS CoV 2 is a new type of coronavirus that causes the Coronavirus Disease 2019 COVID 19 which has been the most challenging pandemic in this century Considering its high mortality and rapid spread an effective vaccine is urgently needed to control this pandemic As a result the academia industry and government sectors are working tightly together to develop and test a variety of vaccines at an unprecedented pace In this review we outline the essential coronavirus biological characteristics that are important for vaccine design In addition we summarize key takeaways from previous vaccination studies of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus SARS CoV and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus MERS CoV highlighting the pros and cons of each immunization strategy Finally based on these prior vaccination experiences we discuss recent progress and potential challenges of COVID 19 vaccine development PMID 33341119 PubMed as supplied by publisher