OBJECTIVES: We sought to investigate the epidemiology of thyroid cancer and its trends in Oman over a 20 year period. METHODS: We analyzed all cases of primary thyroid cancer reported to the Oman National Cancer Registry between 1996 and 2015. ...CONCLUSIONS: Oman has had moderate incidence rates of thyroid cancer with an increasing trend among women. Since projections estimate that the rates of this disease will double in women over the next 20 years, health authorities should consider providing sufficient resources to manage this condition and establish prevention programs that address obesity as part of the strategy for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases....