Biofilm formation by Vibrio cholerae facilitates environmental persistence, and hyperinfectivity within the host. Biofilm formation is regulated by 3',5' cyclic diguanylate c di GMP and requires production of the type IV mannose sensitive hemagglutinin MSHA pilus. ...Our results indicate that c di GMP directly controls MshE activity, thus regulating MSHA pilus extension and retraction dynamics, and modulating V. cholerae surface attachment and colonization....