We considered all maternal and birth cohort studies conducted in the six GCC countries Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates UAE . ...One cohort study was in Bahrain, eight in Kuwait, seven in Qatar, six in Oman, 52 in Saudi Arabia, and seven in the UAE. Majority of the exposures studied were maternal reproductive 65.2 or medical 39.5 . ...