ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Withania somnifera Family: Solanaceae , commonly known as Ashwagandha or Indian ginseng is distributed widely in India, Nepal, China and Yemen. ...RESULTS: Identified neuroprotective phytoconstituents of Ashwagandha are sitoindosides VII X, withaferin A, withanosides IV, withanols, withanolide A, withanolide B, anaferine, beta sitosterol, withanolide D with key pharmacological effects in brain disorders mainly anxiety, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Schizophrenia, Huntington's disease, dyslexia, depression, autism, addiction, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorders. ...