Neurodegenerative disorders especially Alzheimer's disease AD are significantly threatening the public health. Acetylcholinesterase AChE inhibitors are compounds of great interest which can be used as effective agents for the symptomatic treatment of AD. ...KEY POINTS: AChE inhibitors are potential therapies for Alzheimer's disease. Microorganisms as alternate sources for prospective production of such inhibitors. Research advances on extraction, detection, and strategies for production improvement. Nanotechnology based approaches for an effective drug delivery for Alzheimer's disease....